The War On Drugs Essay - 578 Words

The â€Å"War on Drugs† is the name given to the battle of prohibition that the United States has been fighting for over forty years. And it has been America’s longest war. The â€Å"war† was officially declared by President Richard Nixon in the 1970’s due to the abuse of illegitimate drugs. Nixon claimed it as â€Å"public enemy number one† and enacted laws to fight the importation of narcotics. The United States’ War on Drugs began in response to cocaine trafficking in the late 1980’s. As the war continues to go on, winning it hardly seems feasible. As stated by NewsHour, the National Office of Drug Control Policy spends approximately nineteen billion dollars a year trying to stop the drug trade. The expenses shoot up, indirectly, through crime,†¦show more content†¦An eighth grader has the ability to obtain heroin or cocaine as effortless as he or she could marijuana. The scary thing is that drugs are so much stronger, pure r, and more deadly than they were decades ago. Can you even imagine children using them and the way they are harming their bodies? As far as school and their education, what child will learn if they come to school high or intoxicated? Or if they even go to school for that matter. The programs that the schools have provided, such as D.A.R.E., have proved themselves to be ineffective. There are just as many kids, and that is exactly what they are, using drugs that have taken the program than the kids that had not participated. It seems that the more the government tried to educate against drug, the more negative attitudes arose against the police and law enforcement. And with that escalates the positive attitudes towards using drugs and alcohol, as well as a rise in criminal behavior. As a result in the drug war, education becomes limited to those who actually care to learn. The drug war has dramatically affected the number of imprisoned Americans, as well as its prisons. According to DrugSense.Org, 1,576,339 people have been arrested for drug law offenses this year alone. And out of those, 9,261 have been incarcerated. As for marijuana offenses, 747,183 people have been detained. In fact, most of the non-violent offenders sitting in state, local and federal prisonsShow MoreRelatedThe Drug War On Drugs1378 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violent drug charges. These people’s lives are now forever changed because of a mistake they made. This mistake is continually made every single day and Americans are being punished in extreme ways for a non violent crime. The United States needs to decimalize all drugs because the drug war is costly, causes high incarceration rates, and isn’t effective as European drug solutions. In the 20th century, the United States government led a major renewed surge in drug prohibition called the War on DrugsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesThe war on drugs have been a critical issue that has repeatedly held a great debate topic. It was in the 1906 when the first act against drug was put into effect with the Pure Food and Drug Act which required all over-the-counter medication to have label of its ingredients. Under President Nixon the first executive branch office to coordinate drug policy was formed and the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was put into place. Two years following that the Drug Enforcement AgencyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Drugs Despite an estimated $1 trillion spent by the United States on the â€Å"War on Drugs†, statistics from the US Department of Justice (2010) has confirmed that the usage of drugs has not changed over the past 10 years. Approximately $350 billion is spent per year on the â€Å"war on drugs†, only $7 billion is spent on prevention programs by the federal government. The war on drugs is more heavily focused on how to control crime, instead of how to prevent it. Not only is the war on drugs costlyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Drug has been a serious issue in our society and criminal justice institutes due to many problems associated, including the violence, negative health benefits, social disorganization, and other negative consequences. The police agencies have adopted a policy called â€Å"The War on Drugs†, as a response to the rising drug problems. The War on Drugs has popularized variety policies and practices that significantly increased the overall number of drug arrests, and other drug related offenses(TheRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1199 Words   |  5 PagesThere was so much information on this topic of the War on Drugs that I am still wrapping my mind around it. It went into such detail about the war on drugs that are never talked about. We always hear â€Å"just say no.† I know that drugs are a very big problem in our society and even the whole world but I never knew to what extent it really was. I found it very interesting how Johann Hari interviewed these people who were in the middle of the drug war and their stories. It really opened my eyes to whatRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs808 Words   |  4 PagesWhose interests are advanced by sustaining the war on drugs? Police seems to gain a lot by sustaining the â€Å"war on drug†. Drugs are a significant force in police deviance, with as many as half of all convictions in police corruption cases involving drug-related crimes. Corruption in law enforcement, courts, and corrections can be explained through egoism selfish desires for personal gain. In other cases, however, corruption might be better understood as stemming from socially hedonistic incentives;Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1821 Words   |  8 PagesThe war on drugs is a long going battle and it has created many issues all around the world and as of today the highest prison population can be found in the United States due to drug charges. About half of the inmates with in federal and state prisons can be found on drug convictions. Those charges can range from possession of an illicit substance to drug trafficking that surprisingly continues to be an issue in federal and state prisons. How can United States put an end to t he war on drugs? Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs2027 Words   |  9 Pagesincreased federal spending in an attempt to curb the number of drug users and the sale and importation of illicit narcotics the war on drugs began in earnest. The war on drugs has also played a major role in politics as well as having a significant impact on the economy. While there are many arguments in favor for the war on drugs and an equal number of arguments against it I will attempt to show an unbiased look at the war on drugs and drug prohibition and how it has affected society as a whole. SinceRead MoreWar On Drugs And Drugs1952 Words   |  8 PagesWar on Drugs The war on drugs has come a long way without any remarkable success. America has been dealing with the drug menace for many years to a point that four of its presidents have declared the war on drugs part of their main agenda. Sadly, it has been a lost war in various perspectives. Drug abuse continues to be a daily topic with drug abusers flooding not only the American society but also many countries’ hospitals, prisons and courts. The drug trade has continued to cause violent crimesRead MoreThe Drug War On Drugs Essay2030 Words   |  9 Pagesthe â€Å"War on Drugs† sought to control the sale and use of psychoactive drugs as well as promote access to treatment for those who abuse and misuse these substances (Bagley, 1988; Elkins, 1990). Policies implemented prohibited the possession and distribution of narcotics (e.g. marijuana, cocaine, heroin); the punitive policies, which often resulted in hefty fines and prison sentences for violators, ultimately prompted the emer gence of a black market, more potent and lethal drugs, synthetic drugs as well

Interpersonal Communications Essay - 1036 Words

Abstract The object of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of interpersonal communication. The paper will discuss how human service professionals can help by learning the standards of clients of a different culture. This paper will demonstrate some barriers that counselors may endure when assisting clients. Emotions can influence whether a client discuss circumstances to the interviewer and recognizing nonverbal and verbal cues. The authors have established the importance of counselors and their ability to communicate in their daily and professional lives. Many problems can happen when there is a lack of communication but knowing oneself is necessary to support others. Interpersonal Communication Human service†¦show more content†¦Even people that have a culture different than the professional have emotions like madness (MHF, Empathy: An MHF Feeling). A person culture is always important for human service professionals to understand in order to show empathy. Emotional factors People should feel comfortable when expressing their feelings to the interviewer, for a decent relationship to begin. The human service professional do not have to agree with the client, in order to show empathy but understanding. Counselors must recognize important nonverbal clues when speaking with clients. According to the â€Å"Mental Health Facilitator† people should start with self-alertness and advancement of empathetic abilities (MHF, Empathy: An MHF Feeling). Clients’ emotions have a large impact on services rendered. There are factors; such as, different cultures, protecting others, or just scared; which can keep a client from disclosing emotions. A person culture has an impact on their reaction to the helper because they may view situations differently. If the counselor do not have a clear concept of oneself, it can have a negative impact on the delivery services for people of another background. We must not be too talkative, avoidant, or anxious when talking with clients. These actions can help or harm the client success of treatment if the interviewer do not know how to correspond properly.Show MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication753 Words   |  4 PagesTitle Student’s Name COM200: Interpersonal Communication Instructor’s Name Date (Sample March 19, 2014) Introduction- Thesis Statement * If you’re having difficulties writing a thesis, use the thesis generator in the Ashford Writing Center - https://awc.ashford.edu/writing-tools-thesis-generator.html. Remember, a thesis should make a claim – a definitive statement – about some issue. Here is an example: Effective communication is the most important factor in a successful relationshipRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction AND Thesis Statement Interpersonal communication is key to the life of a healthy relationship or marriage. Without communicating relationships and marriage will end failing. One of the biggest challenges with interpersonal communication lies in our ability to share our thoughts and concerns, conducted by feelings, desires, goals and needs, with another person 1) Explain the principles of and barriers to effective interpersonal communications. (You don’t have to list the objectivesRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And The Self1351 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout this semester in communications I have learned a lot about myself, how to deal with others, relationships, and more. There were some lessons that stood out to me the most, and that I thought about after class. The first was in chapter 3 about interpersonal communication and the self. During this chapter, we took a piece of paper and put four people that we knew down. We chose someone who we were just getting to know, and then others that we knew very well or that were very close to usRead MoreInterpersonal Communication1053 Words   |  5 PagesInterpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication is defined by Michael Cody as: the exchange of symbols used to achieve interpersonal goals(28). Does this definition include everything, or does it only include certain things?. When we are dealing with the issue of interpersonal communication we must realize that people view it differently. In this paper I will develop my own idea or definition of what interpersonal communication is. I will then proceed to identify any important assumptionsRead MoreInterpersonal Communication2332 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Interpersonal communication is a form of communication involving people who are dependent upon each other and with a common history. There are various aspects of interpersonal communication that can be discussed. This paper looks at the principles of interpersonal communication, its barriers and relationship with emotional intelligence. Four principles are identified, which are: interpersonal communication is inescapable; interpersonal communication is irreversible; interpersonal communicationRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Elements2395 Words   |  10 PagesInterpersonal communication is cyclic in nature. The message I sent and then feedback is given to complete the communication cycle. As it is on going hence the relationship that is impersonal at the beginning turns into interpersonal where one person is at times the sender and at other times the receiver. A. Source [sender] – Receiver:  Interpersonal communication involves at least 2 individuals. Each person formulates and sends message [sender activity] and at the same time receives and comprehendsRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace946 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal communication in the workplace is developed positively or negatively on the individual relationships we have combined with our human behaviors and human actions within each of those relationships. There are many things that can affect interpersonal communications within the workplace, from generational that create technological gaps, to diversity and tolerance it creates, and finally the type of workplace, is it a team environment encouraging inclusiveness within the organization orRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Skill Of Feedback983 Words   |  4 PagesThe interpersonal communication skill of feedback is essential for hospital nurses to give a suitable care to each patient because it enables the nurses to learn, and improve their motivation, performance and efficiency that assist to achieve their goal which is to help the patients heal. The interpersonal communication skill of feedback is a system of conveying information between two people regarding the receiver’s performance (Baker et al. 2013). In general, feedback is employed to deliver informationRead MoreInterpersonal Communication1292 Words   |  6 Pages | | | |Interpersonal Communication | | Read MoreThe Effects Of Interpersonal Competence On Interpersonal Communication1053 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Interpersonal competence is an aspect of communication that is rarely given attention despite being a crucial facet of human interaction. In fact, Beebe et al. argue that it is comparable to breathing for being do critical to human growth (2). According to Beebe et al., this aspect of communication is necessary to maintain relationships and to improve affairs between lovers (6-7). To enhance our competence in interpersonal communication, we need to learn and master ways of verbally relating

Medical Research Tuskegee Syphilis and Nazi Human...

When you think of medical research, you probably think of lab rats. The â€Å"lab rats† in both Tuskegee syphilis study and the nazi human experiments were living human beings. History repeats itself as the two studies occur with the same intention and procedures. It was a result of ignorance and the idea of hierarchy: superiority and inferiority. The inhumane action of the researchers led to policies that protects against barbarous experiments. Tuskegee syphilis study started in 1932 with a good intention, scientists were trying to examine the abundance of syphilis within rural African Americans in the South in order to anticipate a mass treatment. When there was an economic downturn during Great depression, study was terminated although US public health service was in favor of continuing the study (Deria). The purpose of the following study did not have the same objective as the first. The intent of the second study was to determine whether African American population would be affected by syphilis just as much as White population. It also had an intention to discover how long a human can live without untreated syphilis (Ogungbure) The research took place in Macon city, Alabama where low class families were prevalent. Taking an advantage of uneducated, they disguised the word syphilis with â€Å"bad blood†. The study continued for 40 years with 400 men left untreated and 600 men was manipulated. Nazi human experiment was conducted in order to enhance the ability of GermanShow MoreRelatedThe Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment The Tuskegee Syphilis experiment (The official name was Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male) began in the 1930’s. It was an experiment on African Americans to study syphilis and how it affected the body and killed its victims done by Tuskegee Institute U.S. Public Health Service researchers. The initial purpose of the Syphilis study â€Å"was to record the natural history of syphilis in Blacks† (Tuskegee University, â€Å"About the USPHS Syphilis StudyRead MoreDeadly Deception Documentary Film1145 Words   |  5 PagesIs human experimentation appropriate? Should people be given the right to informed consent if the research could result in possible harm? Is human experimentation in light of the Tuskegee study justified? These are just some of the questions that arose during the presentation of the film Deadly Deception. This film featured the government sponsored Tuskegee experiment and documents this forty year study of untreated syphilis in the black males of Macon County, Alabama. This review will examine theRead MoreTuskegee Case Study1743 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Tuskegee Syphilis experiment was an unethical scientific study funded by the US Public Health Service that was performed on African American men in Macon County, Alabama that took place from 1932- 1972. The purpose of this experiment was to study the progress of untreated syphilis in African American men; a total of â€Å"600 black men – 399 with syphilis, 201 who did not have the disease.† (U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, 2013) The study was conducted under falseRead MoreThe Unethicality of the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study996 Words   |  4 PagesJewish, Nazi, Tuskegee, Willowbrook Studies Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study The 1962-63 Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study was unethical because the presiding physician, Chester M. Southam, injected live cancer cells into twenty-two chronically ill, non-cancer patients without their written consent. Southam attempted to justify his actions (not informing his patients) by stating that he did not wish to stir up any unnecessary anxieties in the patients who had phobia and ignoranceRead MoreEthical Issues in Modern Medicine1094 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Guatemalan syphilis experiment and the Tuskegee experiment both were two unique experiments. Recently, the United States apologized last year for the experiment, done in Tuskegee which was meant to test the drug penicillin. However, Two years before that, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius made an apology for the experiment conducted in Guatemala. With that said, the researcher rejects the case that a utilitarian could make the case that the Guatemalan syphilis study was moreRead MoreTuskeg ee Syphilis Paper1481 Words   |  6 PagesTuskegee Syphilis Experiment Name University of Phoenix Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment The Tuskegee Syphilis experiment was a 40 years study from 1932 to 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama. The experiment was conducted on a group of 399 impoverished and illiterate African American sharecroppers. This disease was not; however revealed to them by the US Government. They were told they were going to receive treatment for bad blood. The study proved to be one of the most horrendous studies carriedRead MoreCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfailures. Within the research enterprise, the code of ethics ensures that research projects involving human subjects are carried out without causing harm to the subjects involved. Research ethics also ensure researchers conduct research in an ethical manner. This paper will focus on the regulations and guidelines that govern ethics in research, a study where research ethics were violated and recommendations to improve ethics within the research enterpri se. â€Æ' The research enterprise is comprisedRead MoreEthical Behavior Involving Human Subjects1637 Words   |  7 PagesHuman subjects in the research field requires us to analyze our approach to physical science according to a higher respect of the subjects, to thoroughly protect the participants as well as others in connection to the research. We must also protect the validity of the data retrieved from the research. The ethical questions at hand aren’t merely right from wrong in a sense but the fairness of the views being administered to participants, including safety. Often research approaches from our past inRead MoreEthics And Values Of The United States1256 Words   |  6 Pages Imagine the sheer terror of being the subject of a human experiment. Unknown substances are injected into your veins with the sharp prick of a needle. You are made horribly ill, all in the name of scientific progress that you may not even live to see. This is a fate far too many people in the world have endured. We often associate the malevolence of human experimentations with groups such as the Nazis, but America likes to act as if it would never compromise it’s citizens rights in the name ofRead MoreRacism, Research, and the Breaking of the Hippocratic Oath2300 Words   |  10 Pages2013 Racism, Research, and the Breaking of the Hippocratic Oath A statement in an unsigned article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, gives the prejudicial idea: â€Å"‘Virtue in the Negro race is like angels’ visits—few and far between†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Brandt 21). Nearly seventy years after Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States, racism and prejudice still flowed through the veins of many Americans and their views corrupted medical research studies with bribery, prejudice, and flagrant disregard

The Mission Statement Of Party City - 1639 Words

The mission statement of Party City, my current employer, as stated in the handbook: Party City loves to celebrate. We pride ourselves on making it easy and fun for our customers to celebrate the special times in the lives of their family and friends by offering a complete selection of fresh and exciting merchandise at great value in a fun shopping environment. Culture The culture of the company is built on customer service, team building and a fun environment. The focus on the customer includes helping the customer with suggestions to create the perfect event, from birthday parties to retirement celebrations by covering the ‘parts of the party’. That ideal consists of starting with color schemes or theme, then covering the tableware, decorations, favors, invitations, thank you cards, and banners to have all of the must haves covered. That same concept goes for Halloween, which is the biggest season for Party City. We encourage the customer to not just buy a costume but become the character by starting with what the customer wants to be then offering accessories that complement the costume to create the look from head to toe. We are encouraged to greet every customer that walks in and offer assistance throughout their shopping experience. We are also careful to keep the lines moving to ensure an efficient checkout. During the holidays and major sporting events, the company encourages the employees to dress the part. For Halloween, we dress up in full costumes andShow MoreRelatedMultinational Investment Banking And Financial Services722 Words   |  3 Pagessee how their mission statement matches their actions. According to wikipedia, Citigroup is an â€Å"american multinational investment banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Manhattan, New York City.†(Citigroup, 2016) Founded in 1812, Citigroup became the third largest bank holding company after a merger with the Travelers group. Now that we know who they are, we will explore whether or not they are true to their missions statement. Citigroups mission statement is †our goal forRead MoreConceptualizing a Business Essays1081 Words   |  5 PagesSweet Tooth is a bakery and party store located in Las Vegas, Nevada. What sets this bakery apart from other bakeries is the company’s artistic flair for fun and elegant designs, whether on a cake or piece of chocolate. Sweet Tooth produces some of the most gorgeous and fun cakes, cupcakes, candy, and cookies within sin city at very affordable prices. Sweet Tooth has the reputation of possessing the best customer service and is the go to place for all of your sweet party needs. The purpose of thisRead MoreBusiness strategy of Carrefour Macedonia1453 Words   |  6 Pagessupermarket, Food markets, Discount shops ï‚ § Keeping low prices, good consumer service, comfortable shopping environment Vision and Mission statements ï‚ § Vision statement: - Carrefour has one simple ambition to be the preferred retailer wherever it operates ï‚ § Mission statement: - Carrefour is totally focused on meeting the expectations of its customers. Our mission is to be the benchmark in modern retailing in each of our markets. As a global retailer, Carrefour is committed to enabling as many peopleRead MoreThe Massacre of Rwandans During 1993 Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesmassacre of Rwandans during 1993 were described by Ndiaye in a statement to the Commission on Human Rights as deemed so severe that it could merit the label of a genocide. Ndiaye report offered such extensive material based on the proceeding occurring in Rwanda that the United Nations should have into account his findings when establishing a peacekeeping force called The United Nations Assistant Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR). Ndiaye’s (1993) statement goes on to emphasize the key elements that had â€Å"facilitatedRead MoreEssay about Strategic Plan, Part I: Conceptualizing a Business679 Words   |  3 Pagesof the year there will be a party highlighting the 52 weekly flavors. The CupCake Cafà © cupcakes are freshly made every morning. The mission of a company is the unique purpose that sets it apart from other companies of its types and identifies the scope of the operation (Pearson Robinson, 2009). The mission statement for the CupCake Cafà © is â€Å"To provide our clientele with a cupcake made of quality ingredients that taste like grandma made them.† A vision statement presents a company’s strategicRead MoreMission, Governance, And Financing858 Words   |  4 PagesMission, Governance, and Financing Christus St. Elizabeth Outpatient Wound Care Clinic is primarily a community health agency that serves the Beaumont and Southeast Texas area. Its mission statement is â€Å"to extend the healing ministry of Jesus Christ† (â€Å"Our Mission, Values, and Vision†, 2016). As a not-for-profit agency, Christus St. Elizabeth Wound Care Clinic works with numerous agencies to make a profound effect in the lives of patients and to promote a positive change in the community. A mixtureRead MoreComparing Essay- Miri Regev And Shulamit Aloni916 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical arch. Aloni had defined herself as Radical liberal or Radical-social democrat while Regev is a Right Wing-Nationalist. Aloni started her Political career at Hamaa rach and was one the cofounders of the left wing party Meretz. Regev is a member of the Likud party. This comparison enables us to see the success of two very different woman to integrate in the Israeli politics holding harsh courageous opposing opin ions. Miri Regev was born and raised in Kiryat Gat by the name of MiriamRead MoreAnalysis Of The City And County Of Denver1142 Words   |  5 PagesColorado, the City and County of Denver serves the Rocky Mountain region as its financial, cultural, service and transportation center. It was founded in 1858 by William H. Larimer after a gold discovery in the area, and has grown to a city of about 3 million people today. Major economic features include the state capital building, international airport, central business district, cultural facilities, and numerous professional sports teams (City and County of Denver, 2017b). The city operates underRead MoreThe Egyptian Revolution Essay example975 Words   |  4 Pagesplayed a vital role in the January revolution, has now become a violent and oppressive force. On the twenty-ninth of December 2011, the SCAF raided seventeen Egyptian, German, and US run NGOs in search of proof of illegal foreign funding.1 In a statement (A/HRC/18/NGO/77) submitt ed by the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS), the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (EOHR), and the Center for Egyptian Women’s Legal Assistance, it was reported that the ruling military council was illegallyRead MoreMang Inasal Research Paper801 Words   |  4 PagesInasal, the specialty of which, is grilled chicken and the Philippine s fastest growing barbeque fast food chain, serving chicken, pork barbeque and other Filipino favorites. It opened on December 12, 2003 at the Robinson s Mall Carpark in Iloilo City. . The restaurant was instantly successful that it spread throughout most of the Visayas, to Mindanao and then Metro Manila. It applied for franchise a couple of years later.By 2009, Mang Inasal opened one hundred stores.In October of 2010, 70% of

A House in Gross Disorder Free Essays

A sex scandal – that too accompanied by charges of sodomy, doesn’t sound theoretically convincing enough to be lauded as the chief antagonist of a book that would elaborate the manners of the early seventeenth century English society. The heinous nature of the scandal and the noble family it badly marred collectively demanded a thorough and scrupulous historical documentation that would serve as a bold yet honest evidence of the truth in times of secrecy and puritanical approaches. In A House in Gross Disorder: Sex, Law, and the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven, Cynthia Herrup takes up a bold task of chronicling an emperor’s debauchery and the subsequent fall from grace. We will write a custom essay sample on A House in Gross Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the surface, the book vividly records a tale of sodomy, rape, corruption and revenge. But Herrup goes beyond the notions of conventional morality, and excites the readers with an insightful telling of how a man of noble origin was incriminated by a system which was essentially naà ¯ve and passive. Moreover, the case of the 2nd earl of Castlehaven directly implies the latent anxieties involved with the very structure of power, which can be applicable to modern societies as well. Mervin Touchet, the earl of Castlehaven, was charged with serious offenses of actuating the rape of his own wife and of performing sodomy on one of his servants. This case received so much public attention that researchers have later on found evidential grounds to address to a number of social, religious and ethical issues involving the hindsight of power and authority, tyranny, deviance, legal entailments of suppression, and the inevitable implications of patriarchal domestic setups. A House in Gross Disorder: Sex, Law, and the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven captures the nature of governance that prevailed in the royal court of Castlehaven prior to the grisly events, and how it brought about the condemnation and beheading of the earl in 1631. In a way, the author discusses and explains the situations that led to the debauchery and disorder in the Castlehaven household. It is to be clearly understood that Cynthia Herrup does not merely tell us a shameful event, but she actively engages our consciousness and awareness about the relevance of such an event in contemporary society by collating key points concerning sex, able governance and the role of a transparent and competent legal system. Hence the main thesis argument Cynthia Herrup tries to propagate in the book is not what happened, but why it happened. The Touchets settled in the Castlehaven in 1620 and immediately exercised their sovereign power in the locality. There was an underlying wave of nobility and religious leniency about the way the head of the household directed both the internal as well as external affairs. Despite being an old family dating back to the times of the Norman Conquest in England, the Touchets never really went out to establish a fortunate identity for themselves, partly because of their inheritance and injudicious trends of marriage. Eventually it was the convicted earl’s father George Touchet who understood that â€Å"the surest path to wealth and status was a combination of service, supplication, and judicious marriage.† (p. 10) His expertise as a soldier and good administrator was well circulated, fetching him widespread recognition. But his son’s escapades, as Herrup wants us to show, are not to be confused with his own status or credibility. Stuck in a perpetual state of dynamics in terms of religion, politics and law, the stage was almost set for the ensuing chain of events that would bring ignominy to the Castlehaven family. An act of sodomy, according to the Christian convictions, was extremely degrading and morally reproachable offense. Long before the Castlehaven case, the English society was unrelenting in despising such activities. As history has it, the aristocrats in the Elizabethan times were frequently accused with similar charges, the most notable being in the cases of the Earls of Oxford and of Southampton. Due to the passive nature of the mass acceptance of crimes such as rape and sodomy, majority of these cases lay under cover and never really attracted too much attention other than a reviled broadcasting. Even men hailing from blue-blooded families had the grit to stand up to the charges brought against them – presumably for testifying to their self-confidence and beliefs in a patriarchal supremacy. But according to the prevalent Protestant notions, sodomy was typically an un-English crime usually committed by the Italians and the Turkeys who were believed to have very little sense of self-restraint and moral values. But Mervin Touchet was neither an Italian nor a Turkey, nor was he supposed to be stripped off the conventional Protestant values. So the logical question remains – why did he engage in such treachery? Herrup attempts to guide us through the convoluted system of monarchy that somehow isolated many of the young earls in the beginning of their tenures. Lack of traceability in terms of peer connections and the general tenor of mistrust and passivity at the core of the family seemed to generate a deficient measure of ethics for the accused person in contention here. Five chapters are assigned to this book, making the task of unfolding the events and their interpretations a smooth one. The first chapter recounts the history of the Castlehaven’s ancestry, their land acquisitions, and how the premonitions were about to unveil themselves. From the perspective of a historian, this chapter is thoroughly required for the sake of critical research. Herrup introduces in this chapter the obvious difference that prevailed in the moral domains of two of the earls of Castlehaven, resulting in the disorderly affairs at Fonthill Gifford. The second chapter directly goes into the central topic of the book, e. g. the allegations of assistance in rape and sodomy brought against the 2nd earl. From informative contexts, this chapter abounds in charges that eventually incriminate the earl on the ground of circumstantial as well as concrete pools of evidence. It was Lord Audley who first brought the disturbing charges against the earl, stating that he was purposefully denied of his inheritance as the earl had an unusual propensity to one of his servants Henry Skipwith. This set the ball in motion as allegations of sexual perversion and provoked acts of sexuality started raining. The Privy Council intervened into the matter and questioned most of the family members, including the accused ones. Finally in 1631, charges against the earl were found legitimate after a prolonged trial and he was convicted of rape and sodomy. Herrup inducts the evidences to support her arguments in the third chapter. The first thematic construct involves the obligation for men to control their emotive responses for the greater good of their families and loved ones. No doubt it was completely taunted by the Castlehaven to doom his own fate. The second important argument concerns the faculty of self-respect and honor in dealing with potentially unruly confrontations. This too lacked in the case of the 2nd earl of Castlehaven. The third argument, same as the second one, brings into the forefront of consideration the need to remain firm to sacred religious beliefs. All the three aforementioned arguments can be exemplified in a nutshell. As the head of a domestic setup infested with â€Å"sly servants and unruly women† (p. 74), Touchet engaged in disgraceful activities and supported the same in others (p. 79), and he was alleged to have questionable associations with Roman Catholicism and Ireland (p. 81). Hence the earl was comfortably drawn as debased and therefore, shamefaced for some reason. For the readers, it is virtually impossible to decipher the extent of his guilt, and that is precisely what the author tries to say in the book. It is basically a trial which is to be closely examined in the contemporary social context of deviance, homosexuality, tyranny and power games. So it may easily be inferred that this book is for a select band of readers – those with idiosyncratic viewpoints and a commanding grasp over the Elizabethan history of England. How to cite A House in Gross Disorder, Papers

Organization Often Faces Situations Require-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organization Often Faces Situations Require? Answer: Introducation According to Northhouse (2015), Trait theory of leadership is considered a timeless theory of leadership. According to the trait theory, effective leaders have certain traits that make them good leaders. This theory suggests that leaders are born. On the contrary, some of the critics of trait theory believe that leaders can be made through training and development. There are certain skills and traits that contribute to a good leaders effectiveness in certain situations. On the other hand, it is believed by many that skills can be developed. Effective leaders are made by inculcating particular traits in to them (Northhouse 2015). An organization often faces situations that require the leaders to have certain traits, rather personality traits that are required for leading the organization towards the specific goals. Personality traits are of two types, General personality traits and task related traits. The general traits are common traits that are required in all the areas irrespective of where an individual works. These traits are self-confidence, humility, core self-evaluations, assertiveness, enthusiasm, and trustworthiness, sense of humor, extraversion, optimism and warmth. The task related personality traits are proactive personality, passion for the work and the people, emotional intelligence, self-awareness, self-management, relationship management, flexibility and adaptability and management (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). The trait approach theory suggests that individuals with these traits have the possibility of becoming successful leaders. To understand leadership it is very important to understand the traits, characteristics, behaviors of leaders. According to the trait theory leaders have a stable and consistent patterns of behaviors and consistent that determine that which individuals can be successful leaders. For example an enthusiastic leader, can easily influence and motivate people but a leader who himself is not enthusiastic will not be able to motivate the employees and the subordinates. Effective leaders will know how to make good relation with his or her subordinates; these qualities are innate to individuals (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). Good leaders are also differentiated by their motives as well, leaders are ambitious and they are motivated by the need for occupying a position and they also have need to control others. The motives of the leadership are divided into four categories, power, drive and achievement, tenacity and resilience, strong work ethic (Van Wart 2014). Effective leaders have power motive that creates a need for controlling resources. There are two types of power motive according to the Motive leadership theory, personalized power motive and socialized power motive. Personalized power motive makes the leaders seek for themselves. According to the theory, it is the drive and an achievement motive that makes the leaders strive hard to attain certain goals and objectives. Drive enables individuals to give their best efforts for achieving certain goals and objectives maintain the persistency by continue to apply energy in that direction. Achievement is defined as the joy that an individual gets by attaining certain goals and objectives. Leaders have tenacity and resilience motives, leaders are tenacious any project of new business deal taken up by a leaders takes a significant amount of time. Leaders are resilience motives because they usually rise up from any failure of difficulty through their constant efforts (Chemers 2014). The theory that contradicts the trait theory is Contingency theory, it suggest that there are certain contingency situations that requires much more than the already mentioned traits and motives, effective leaders emerge out of these situations based on the situation leaders have to decide what action is needed. The traits of the leaders are not that much effective, rather they are forced to use their experience and forecast what steps will help in those crises. This theory says that there is no specific method to style that can fit in all the situations. Success of an organization is determined by a number of factors which includes, leadership style, quality of the followers and the features of the situation. Contingency factor is a situation or feature in a circumstance which is considered while designing the organization or designing any parts or system of the organization (Van Wart 2014). Situational theory The situational theory on the other hand suggests that leaders select the best method or the course of action based on the situation or the condition. For different types of decision-making, different types of leadership is required. For example if it is requirement of the situation that the leader or the manager has to be authorative, and he is the only member in the group that has more knowledge about the situation than others then he or she should use the autocratic type of leadership. Autocratic type of leadership style might contradict some of the traits that are required in managers, like being emphatic. There are situations when the leaders have to overlook the individual interest just to protect the interest of the team, this might clash with the interest of any group member. The duty of an effective leader in such situation will be to give priority to the interest of the entire group in such case he will contradict some of the basic things that the managers need to do, liste ning to the employees. In this situation, listening to a single employee might go against the interest of the entire group (Nahavandi 2016). Trait theory is one of the most popular theories of leadership but according to the other theorists it is not applicable in all the situations, the leadership style is determined by the situation, so is the effectiveness of the leadership. Leaders in any organization lead and direct the employees, they do require skills that lets the leaders effectively lead the organization towards attaining goals and objectives of the organization. Theories of leadership also suggest that leaders can be made, but trait theory suggests that effective leaders have certain traits that makes them leaders. Traits can be learned through experience, leaders needs to have extensive knowledge of situation. If leaders have sufficient experience about various situations they will know what needs to be done in those situations. For an instance if an organization if the workers call strikes, an effective leader might have to think out of the box and does something that will help combat the situation of and deal with the agitated workers. All these issues are not discussed in the theories and that is where the limitation can short sightedness is seen in the trait theory as well as behavioral theory. The contingency and the Situational theory all though does not lack vision, because there are many situations that will require taking different course of action other than the typical measures (Ghasabeh Soosay and Reaiche 2015). Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is the type of leadership that is most appropriate for modern organizational structure, in transformational leadership the leaders with their subordinates work towards identifying the required change and work in harmony with the employees. Transformational leadership motivates the morale of the employees and their job performance is improved by taking various measures (Antonakis and House 2013). Implications of leadership theories in organization In an organization there are many kind of individuals who are motivated in different ways, it is not necessary that all the employees can be motivated by monetary benefits, some want promotion, recognition and appreciation. It may also happen that it is not the rewards that motivates certain employees instead the fear of punishment motivates them. Dealing with sch employees might require a strict leader that can create fear in those types of employees, it is contradicting the trait theory that suggests that leaders are required to be emphatic, it is the situation that determines how the leaders should be (Chemers 2014). Leaders can be made, though various training and grooming sessions leaders can be trained to use the right type of leadership style. Contemporary leadership is totally based on the situations, the effectiveness of the leaders is based on the right use of methods and course on actions. Trait theory can be used in places where the situation always remains same. In an organization trait theory can be applied but it is not that much effective because situations are not same. A broader approach is always needed in an organization and therefore the leaders are required to act and adapt themselves according to the situation. Everyone can be a leader if proper training is given to theme, the traits can be taught not all of it but most of it, like communication skills, problem solving, adaptability (McCleskey 2014). In an organization the motive of leaders is not always power neither their need is to control others, leaders in an organization are elected on the basis of their qualities and the situation, the individual that seems the suitable to manage and lead the organization in a particular situation is made the leader. The motive of leaders is recognition and appreciation, their needs are mostly esteem needs. So, it can be said that the theory of motive is quite applicable in the practical scenario in an organization because the motives of individuals work in similar way. Motives are innate and cannot be trained unlike the traits, which are characteristics that can be learned, while motives are related to psychology (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). References Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2013. The full-range leadership theory: The way forward. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 3-33). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Chemers, M., 2014.An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Ghasabeh, M.S., Soosay, C. and Reaiche, C., 2015. The emerging role of transformational leadership.The Journal of Developing Areas,49(6), pp.459-467. McCleskey, J., 2014. Emotional intelligence and leadership: A review of the progress, controversy, and criticism.International Journal of Organizational Analysis,22(1), pp.76-93. Nahavandi, A., 2016.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Sethuraman, K. and Suresh, J., 2014. Effective leadership styles. International Business Research,7(9), p.165. Van Wart, M., 2014.Dynamics of leadership in public service: Theory and practice. Routledge.